1. Archimede's principle - It states that a body when wholly or partially
immersed in a liquid, experiences an upward thrust which is equal to the weight
of the liquid displaced by it. Thus, the body appears to lose a part of its
weight. This loss in weight is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by
the body.
2. Aufbau principle - It states that in an unexcited atom, electrons reside in the
lowest energy orbitals available to them.
3. Avogadro's Law - It states that equal volumes of all gases under similar
conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.
4.
Brownian motion - It
is a zigzag, irregular motion exhibited by small solid particles when suspended
in a liquid or gas due to irregular bombardment by the liquid or gas molecules.
5. Bernoulli's principle - It states that as the speed of a moving fluid, liquid
or gas, increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. The aerodynamic
lift on the wing of an aeroplane is also explained in part by this principle.
6. Boyles's Law - It states that temperature remaining constant, volume of a
given mass of a gas varies inversely with the pressure of the gas. Thus,
PV = K
(constant), where, P = Pressure and V = Volume.
7. Charles's Law - It states that pressure remaining constant, the volume of a
given mass of gas increases or decreases by 1/273 part of its volume at 0
degree celsius for each degree celsius rise or fall of its temperature.
8. Coulomb's Law - It states that force of attraction or repulsion between two
charges is proportional to the amount of charge on both charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
9. Heisenberg principle (uncertainty principle) - It is impossible to determine with
accuracy both the position and the momentum of a particle such as electron
simultaneously.
10. Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes - Gases react together in volumes which
bear simple whole number ratios to one another and also to the volumes of the
products, if gaseous — all the volumes being measured under similar conditions
of temperature and pressure.
11.
Graham’s Law of Diffusion - It states that the rates of diffusion of gases are inversely
proportional to the square roots of their densities under similar conditions of
temperature and pressure.
12.
Kepler's Law - Each
planet revolves round the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus.
Thestraight line joining the Sun and the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal
intervals. The squares of the orbital periods of planets are proportional to
the cubes of their mean distance from the Sun.
13. Law of Flotation - For a body to float, the following conditions must be
fulfilled:
(1) The weight of the body should be equal to the weight of the water
displaced.
(2) The center of gravity of the body and that of the liquid displaced should
be in the same straight line.
14. Law of conservation of energy - It states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another. Since
energy cannot be created or destroyed, the amount of energy present in the
universe is always remain constant.
15. Newton's First Law of Motion - An object at rest tends to stay at
rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion, with the same direction
and speed in a straight line unless acted upon by some external force.
16. Newton's Second Law of Motion - The rate of change of momentum of a
body is directly proportional to the force applied and takes place in the
direction in which the force acts.
17. Newton's Third Law of Motion - To every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
18. Newton's Law of Gravitation - All particles of matter mutually
attract each other by a force directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
19. Ohm's Law - It states that the current passing through a conductor
between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across
the two points provided the physical state and temperature etc. of the
conductor does not change.
20. Pauli exclusion principle - It explains that no two electrons in
the same atom or molecule can have the same set of quantum numbers.
21. Raman effect - It is the change in wavelength that occurs when light is
scattered by the atoms or molecules in a transparent medium.
22.
Tyndall effect - The
scattering of light by very small particles suspended in a gas or liquid.
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